MODIS Historical Disaster Imagery for Nepal

To support historical disaster research and long‑term monitoring in Nepal, this dataset comprises a long‑time‑series image collection generated from MODIS satellite imagery, covering the entire territory of Nepal and its surrounding areas. It can reveal the dynamic land surface changes before, during, and after various historical disaster events. The MODIS sensors are mounted on the Terra and Aqua sun‑synchronous polar‑orbiting satellites, offering spatial resolutions of 250 m, 500 m, and 1000 m, and a revisit cycle of 1 to 2 times per day (with the twin‑satellite configuration enabling multiple daily observations). Since the launch of Terra in 1999 and Aqua in 2002, the MODIS series has accumulated over 20 years of Earth observation data, making it one of the longest‑time‑series and most extensive‑coverage medium‑to‑low‑resolution remote sensing data sources globally. Its 36 spectral bands cover visible, near‑infrared, shortwave‑infrared, and thermal‑infrared wavelengths, providing excellent capabilities for detecting land cover types, vegetation conditions, water body distribution, land surface temperature, and active fire points. This dataset effectively supports flood inundation extent extraction, dynamic forest fire monitoring, seismic thermal anomaly analysis, and multi‑hazard spatiotemporal evolution studies, serving as critical data support for analysing the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of disasters and monitoring long‑term environmental changes.